Surprisingly, the JNK signalling pathway was in fact strongly upregulated in Ras85DV12/scrib–/– tumours (and was not upregulated in the benign tumours formed after expression of Ras85DV12 in isolation) (Igaki et al., 2006; Uhlirova and Bohmann, 2006). This evidence concerns the gene MAPK8 and neoplasm.