Indeed, JNK signalling was necessary (and sufficient when induced via activated Hep, but insufficient when induced via Egr overexpression) for Ras85DV12/scrib–/– tumour invasiveness, which was further demonstrated to be due to the JNK-induced transcription of Matrix metalloproteinase 1 (Mmp1) (Figure 3; Igaki et al., 2006; Uhlirova and Bohmann, 2006). The gene discussed is MAPK8; the disease is neoplasm.