TSLP and neoplasm: In this study, IL-1α and IL-1β from tumor cells and tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) were key to inducing cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) to secrete the thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), which in turn drives predominant tumor-promoting Th2 cells, through the activation of resident dendritic cells with Th2 polarizing capability (De Monte et al., 2011; Protti and De Monte, 2012).