RIGI and viral infectious disease: Upon viral infection, PHBs were shown to form a complex with MAVS oligomers, which also includes the AAA(+) ATPase proteins Caseinolytic Peptidase B (CLPB) Homolog and ATPase Family AAA Domain Containing 3A (ATAD3A), thus establishing a bridge between the OMM and IMM that is required for the efficient activation of the RIG-I signaling pathway (Yoshinaka et al., 2019).