Recent progress in characterization of NSCLC by molecular typing, especially in adenocarcinomas of the lung, have brought new investigation of therapeutic agents that target dominant oncogenic mutations, such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted therapies, which have showed improved response rates in patients with NSCLC (Shigematsu et al., 2005). The gene discussed is EGFR; the disease is lung adenocarcinoma.