NFKB1 and Alzheimer disease: One recently described BF-LPS mediated pathogenic and AD-relevant pathway is the robust activation of NF-κB (p50/p65) in human brain cells in primary culture and induction of a pro-inflammatory signaling pathway involving an NF-kB-regulated microRNA-146a, and the subsequent chronic and pathogenic over-stimulation of innate-immune and neuro-inflammatory pathways (Zhao and Lukiw, 2018b).