Moreover, IL-6 signaling and TNF-a signaling also make up part of the dysregulated cytokine network in AML; IL-6 is a pleiotropic multifunctional cytokine involved in the regulation of hematopoiesis and leukemic blast formation, and elevated serum IL-6 levels in AML patients had been reported by many studies (21, 22). Here, IL6 is linked to acute myeloid leukemia.