CD44 and cancer: Of these, NPHP3 mutation would lead to puberty nephropathy, retinal degeneration, and liver cirrhosis (39), IFT20 has been reported to be related to lung cancer (40), CD44 has been used as a cancer diagnostic marker (41), and PLS3 has also been used as a biomarker to monitor disease progression (42), indicating that most of these genes played important roles in cancer.