IDO1 and neoplasm: The viSNE map showed the elevated expression of both the anti-tumor marker tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and the pro-tumor markers transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), CD206, indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), and IL10 in GAMs compared with those in mononuclear phagocytes in PBMCs (Figure 4D).