The same group demonstrated a cardioprotective effect of IL-10 in both a surgical model of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure and in IL-10 knockout mice with isoproterenol-induced pressure overload.36 Recombinant IL-10 administration improved ventricular function, decreased hypertrophic remodeling, attenuated cardiac fibrosis, and reduced mortality. Here, IL10 is linked to heart failure.