However, standalone PD-L1 expression acts as an unviable biomarker since significant heterogeneity of association were observed between PD-L1 staining and clinical results of BLCA patients (Rosenberg et al., 2016; Massard et al., 2017; Powles et al., 2017; Sharma et al., 2017; Bellmunt et al., 2017). The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is bladder transitional cell carcinoma.