Deep sequencing investigation of AAHs as well as their corresponding longitudinally sampled LUADs revealed increased activation of the pro-tumor immune pathway (Th2: CCR2, CTLA4) as well as suppression of the anti-tumor immune pathway (Th1: IL12A, GZMB) during the progression of normal lung to AAHs and further to LUADs (191). The gene discussed is GZMB; the disease is neoplasm.