Zhang et al. (49) suggested that human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and simian immunodeficiency virus viral infectivity factor form a CRL5 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that suppresses virus restriction by host APOBEC3 proteins, and that CUL2 eventually suppresses this pathway and increases the risk of autoimmune/autoinflammatory diseases (50). The gene discussed is CUL2; the disease is Autoimmunity.