GBP1 and colorectal cancer: However, in the setting of cancer, GBP1 may act as a double-edged sword, capable of restraining cancer cell proliferation in some contexts—such as breast and colorectal cancers—but also sufficient to anchor a potent chemotherapy treatment resistance (TXR) phenotype when driven by upstream oncogenes, inflammation, and/or the cellular response to the cytotoxic mechanisms of chemotherapy in ovarian cancer and glioblastoma (15–18).