VCAM1 and gastritis: In children, Maciorkowska et al., described that serum concentrations of VCAM-1 were higher in symptomatic children with H. pylori-associated gastritis compared to non-infected children; they also compared children with positive IgG against H. pylori but with no active gastric infection (Maciorkowska et al., 2005), showing that serum levels of VCAM-1 correlate with H. pylori-induced gastric inflammation and damage.