MLKL and infection: The expression of RIPK3 was up-regulated by CA6 infection, with a similar time course of upregulation as that of the viral protein VP1, while the expression of P-MLKL and MLKL was not consistently altered (Figure 3A), and especially at 48 h post infection, the expression of RIPK3 was significantly up-regulated by CA6 infection comparing to mock infection (P < 0.01, Figure 3B); however, EV71 infection did not affect RIPK3 expression as well as the expression of P-MLKL and MLKL with time (Figure 3C), which proved that CA6 could regulate necroptotic pathway protein, but not EV71.