VEGFA and ischemia: Increased secretion of antiangiogenic factors soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt1) and soluble endoglin (sEng), as well as reduced production of pro-angiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and placental growth factor (PlGF) during exposure to ischemia, likely contributes to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia (Karthikeyan et al., 2011; Helmo et al., 2018).