Since in this and in previous studies of experimental DM inflammation and NF-κB activation were shown to be confined to the glomeruli (Utimura et al., 2003), the finding of p65 at the interstitium of these patients suggests that NF-κB activation starts in glomeruli and then propagates to the interstitial area at more advanced phases. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and diabetes mellitus.