LGALS3 and atrial fibrillation: The major findings were as follows: (1) β1ARAb levels were positively correlated with LA anterior-posterior diameter and three circulating fibrosis markers (PIIINP, PICP, Gal3) in PAF patients; (2) excessive expression of β1ARAbs increased LAD and interstitial fibrosis and led to increased inducibility of AF along with shortened AERP, slowed CV and increased conduction heterogeneity.