TNF and neuropathic pain: Formoterol (Bohren et al., 2013) as well as antidepressants (Kremer et al., 2018) counteracted the increase in TNFα associated with neuropathic pain and downregulated the activity of the glial NFκB-TNFα pathway, a key regulator of proinflammatory cytokine production (Leung and Cahill, 2010).