In addition, intraperitoneal administration of orexin A in mouse models of colitis was shown to result in significant reductions in symptoms of ulcerative colitis, including colon length reduction and weight loss, and led to a marked reduction in the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IFN-gamma, IL-6, and TNF alpha (Messal et al., 2018). This evidence concerns the gene HCRT and ulcerative colitis.