RTN3 but not RTN1 is preferentially localized in DNs (Shi et al., 2017), and transgenic mice that overexpress RTN3 accumulate DNs and show impaired learning and memory and synaptic plasticity (Hu et al., 2007), suggesting that DNs with RTN3 aggregates (RTN3 immunoreactive DNs, or RIDNs) can cause cognitive dysfunction in AD. The gene discussed is RTN3; the disease is Alzheimer disease.