In addition, human obesity is associated with the low-grade peripheral immune activation characteristic of an acute phase reaction, including C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A (SAA), an increase of cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), IL-1β, and IL-6 in serum, and an increase in white cell counts (Esser et al., 2014). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.