PTPN1 and overnutrition: In the context of overnutrition, the IKKβ/NF-kB pathway (Figure 2C) seems to activate metabolic-related neurodegenerative markers including the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), the tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1 (PTP1B), and potentially, the T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP) (Milanski et al., 2009).