ATF4 and cancer: Furthermore, GSEA plots for FGF19 in LSQ cohorts revealed that mTOR signaling was enriched in FGF19 up genes (Fig. 2i), accompanied by cell division, DNA replication, WNT signaling and other cancer-related pathways such as VEGF-A, MYC, SHH signaling and ATF4, which is a critical ER stress-inducible transcription factor, while TGF-beta and P53 were enriched in FGF19 down genes (Supplementary Fig. 2 and Supplementary Table 1).