These data demonstrate that the neutralization of TGF-f3 cytokine can induce similar therapeutic effects as AnxA5 treatment following chemotherapy and tumor antigen-specific vaccination and alleviate the immune suppression within the TME, while the neutralization of TNF-a results in the opposite effects, supporting the notion that the induction of TGF-f3 downregulation and TNF-a upregulation in the TME is a potential mechanism by which AnxA5 exerts its immunostimulating function. The gene discussed is ANXA5; the disease is neoplasm.