For instance, PP treatment at nanomolar concentrations can reduce the proliferation of various CRC cell lines via suppression of β-catenin/Tcf439; PP inhibits the growth of HER2-positive breast cancer cells carrying PI3KCA mutations by inhibiting the phosphorylation of S6 and AKT proteins40; PP suppresses prostate cancer cell growth through direct targeting endogenous AR in LAPC4 and LNCaP cell lines, as well as in mouse prostate41,42. The gene discussed is AR; the disease is prostate carcinoma.