However, IRESs have already been described in many other mRNAs encoding proteins involved in tumourigenesis and cell survival (Apaf-1, cJUN, AML1/Runx1, EGFR/HER1, BCL2, BCL-XL, XIAP, MYC, MYCN, VEGF-A, P27, P53), suggesting that IRES-mediated translation play a crucial role in tumour progression and survival [133]. The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is neoplasm.