Irrespective of the heterogeneity in the definition of BC subtypes and IHC cut-offs used for calling ER/PR positivity across studies (Allred scoring system or >1%, >5% and 10% staining as cut-offs for ER/PR positivity), the TNBC (effect estimate range: 1.4 – 5.5) [24, 29, 31, 36, 41, 42, 46, 50, 52, 54, 55, 57, 59, 67, 70, 72, 74, 79] and/or HER2-positive subtypes (HR-/HER2+ or HR±/HER2-) were constantly found to associate with a significantly higher cumulative incidence of BM (effect estimate range: 1.916 – 6.799) [12, 24, 29, 43, 49, 50, 55, 67, 70, 72–74, 78, 79]. This evidence concerns the gene ESR1 and breast cancer.