ATG5 and renal fibrosis: The increases of serum BUN, Scr (Fig. 8e), renal fibrosis-related genes and proteins (Vimentin, α-SMA, and TGF-β1), and autophagy-related genes and proteins, (ATG5 and LC3II) were inhibited in TLR4−/− mice (Fig. 8g–i).