Overall, by combining optogenetic manipulations of SST and PV interneurons in a AβO-injection mouse model of AD in vivo and ex vivo, we dissected the neural circuit dysfunction underlying theta and gamma oscillation impairments caused by AβO pathology and show that hippocampal theta and gamma oscillations can be selectively restored by optogenetic activation of SST and PV interneurons, respectively. Here, SST is linked to Alzheimer disease.