For example, early studies reported that NRF2 can induce the expression of the glutamine importer SLC1A5 in HeLa cells through the ATF4 transcription factor [256] while a recent ChIP-Seq analysis on KEAP1-/- mice and human ESCC cells, revealed that NRF2 causes metabolic reprogramming by enhancing the expression of the SLC1A4 glutamine transporter and other metabolic enzymes [257]. This evidence concerns the gene NFE2L2 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.