Also, b) T2DM was associated with up-regulation of apoptotic markers (caspase-3) and inflammatory cytokines (TGF-β) and increased sympathetic nerve density with higher myocardial NE, and c) pretreatment with either SGLT2i or GLP1 significantly improved the studied parameters, and SGLT2i offered a more protective effect than GLP1. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.