However, among patients who developed HCC, a significant higher proportion infected with HCV genotype 2c had (i) higher substitutions in ISDR and PKR-bd, compared to patients infected with other genotypes, (ii) greater variability associated with advanced fibrosis, and (iii) a higher number of patients who developed HCC carried high numbers of PKR-bd substitutions at the baseline samples. The gene discussed is EIF2AK2; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.