ALK and non-small cell lung carcinoma: In ALK-positive NSCLC, ALK-echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 (EML4) fusion protein activates the RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT, and janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer, and the activator of transcription 3 (STAT) pathways are reported to play the important role in the development of NSCLC [5,36].