On logistic regression, serum OPN, KL-6, CRP, LDH, and worse lung function (FVC%, DLCO% predicted) were significantly associated with a higher risk of AE in IPF, with odds ratios of 1.305 [95% CI 1.087, 1.567, p=0.004], 1.001 [95% CI 1.000, 1.002, p=0.010], 1.039[95% CI 1.013, 1.064, p=0.002], 1.035 [95% CI 1.017, 1.053, p < 0.001], 0.950 [95% CI 0.908, 0.993, p=0.024], and 0.929 [95% CI 0.878, 0.983, p=0.010], respectively (Table 2). The gene discussed is SPP1; the disease is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.