TNF and osteoarthritis: It was reported that EA significantly reduced the serum levels of TNF-α in adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) rats [23]; researchers observed that EA could inhibit the secretion of IL-1β and TNF-α in osteoarthritis (OA) rats [24]; Wang et al. [25] revealed that EA could reduce TNF-α mRNA and protein expression, thus reducing tissue damage in neuropathic pain rats.