TP53 and cancer: SOX2 involves in many signaling pathways such as VEGF, MAPK, Notch, P53, Wnt, and Jak-STAT, regulates many expression of genes, and regulates self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells, which may contribute to migration, invasion, and proliferation of cancer cells and the stemness of cancer stem cells, thereby affecting cancer progression, prognosis, and resistance toward anticancer therapies [14, 15, 17].