Liang et al. demonstrated that treatment with exogenous IL-33 (0.5 μg/day for 2 weeks; i.p. injection) promoted IRI-induced renal fibrosis, whereas IL-33 neutralization by sST2 (100 μg/day for 2 weeks; i.p. injection) decreased the degree of kidney injury, extracellular matrix depositions, myeloid fibroblast accumulation, myofibroblast formation, and infiltration of T-cells and macrophages in the kidneys at day 14 post-IRI [53]. Here, IL33 is linked to renal fibrosis.