Despite this, overall the literature remains equivocal about the possible effects of PA on PCa progression: Recent studies reported a significantly lower prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level and greater physical QOL and social participation in those with higher PA, reducing treatment side effects, fatigue, and incontinence, and furthermore improving the self-perception of masculinity [47,48]. This evidence concerns the gene KLK3 and posterior cortical atrophy.