In addition, IL-1β is a regulator of inflammatory reactions and is involved in the stimulation of the central nervous system through cyclooxygenase-2 (PTGS2/COX2), which is involved in neurodegenerative disorders such as MS [33,40], Down’s Syndrome, Alzheimer’s disease, and HIV-associated dementia [41,42]. Here, IL1B is linked to early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.