Next, we examined how TNFR signaling affects monocyte recruitment during brain infection with C. neoformans. The results indicated that infection with C. neoformans led to an increase of VCAM1 expression on endothelial cells (Fig 5D) in both wild-type and TNFR-/- mice (Fig 5E). This evidence concerns the gene TNFRSF1A and infection.