TGFB1 and age-related macular degeneration: PEDF is produced by RPE cells and has anti‐angiogenic properties, opposing the effects of VEGF, and supplementing with PEDF has been proposed for the treatment of nAMD.184 TGF‐β is found to increase the expression of VEGF and is therefore also implicated as an angiogenic factor.185 Cross‐sectional studies found conflicting results whether measurements of systemic and local angiogenic factors differ between AMD patients and controls.183 Currently, there are no prospective cohorts that have measured angiogenic factors to predict disease progression in AMD.