According to our results, the serum level of IFN-γ had no effect on the risk of CD, but given the OR and the HPD interval obtained for serum levels of IL-1, IL-6 and IL-8, one unit increase in IL-1 serum can raise the risk of CD by 1.13 times while one unit increase in IL-6 serum reduces the risk of CD by 15%. Here, IFNG is linked to Cowden disease.