TNFAIP3 and Cowden disease: Both c-REL ( roto-oncogene c-REL) and TNFAIP3 (Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3) are involved in the regulation of the nuclear factor kappa β (NF-kβ) inflammatory signaling pathway in the pathology of CD, and are the key mediators in this nuclear activating complex (50).