Although the follow-up study of a larger cohort of patients is required to validate the association of patients’ survival with CD8+ T cell responses to the fragmented proteins identified in apoptotic tumor cells, an important facet of our study is that memory T cells targeting shared NM-neoAgs among several NSCLC patients can be detected in the peripheral blood, and can potentially be used for developing T cell-based immunotherapy across multiple cancer patients12. Here, CD8A is linked to neoplasm.