CHM and viral infectious disease: Virus infection coupled with heat shock resulted in increased mf116383 expression in two replicates relative to expression in mock-infected bees held at constant temperature (rep1, 3.5 fold, p = 4.1 × 10−5; rep3, 3.42 fold, p = 6.8 × 10−5), but showed no difference in replicate 2 (Figure 3A).