Furthermore, active GIP, but not inactive GIP infusion, suppressed the macrophage foam cell formation in ex vivo experiments, which plays a crucial role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis [90,91], whereas it decreased protein expression levels of CD36 and acetyl-coenzyme A acetyltransferase-1, which are involved in oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake and intracellular cholesterol storage, respectively. This evidence concerns the gene GIP and atherosclerosis.