We have found in atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice [95] that chronic infusion of active GIP (25 nmol/kg/day) for 4 weeks suppresses the aortic plaque formation and intra-plaque macrophage accumulation compared with vehicle treatment, whose effects were totally independent of food intake, body weight, systolic blood pressure, and plasma glucose and lipid levels [19]. The gene discussed is APOE; the disease is atherosclerosis.