GCG and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Indeed, a number of preclinical studies, including ours, have shown the cardiovascular protective effects of native incretins and incretin-based agents partly in a glucose-lowering independent manner [17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28], whose observations were consistent with the recent cardiovascular outcome trials demonstrating that GLP-1RAs significantly reduced the cardiovascular and renal events in high-risk type 2 diabetic patients compared with placebo [29,30,31,32,33].