VCAM1 and precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: VCAM-1/VLA-4 communication plays a key role in stroma remodelling in numerous B cell malignancies: in B cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL), Jacamo and colleagues demonstrated that following VCAM-1/VLA-4 interaction, BMSCs show increased NF-κB signalling activation [38].