PITX2 and cardiac arrhythmia: To further investigate focal arrhythmia arising from spatiotemporal synchronization of triggered APs due to Pitx2 deficiency as well as structural remodelling (fibrosis and cell-to-cell coupling), we designed a 2D tissue model (500×500) in which normal LA myocytes (white), Pitx2-4 remodeled LA cells (gray) and fibrosis (black) were randomly distributed (Fig 5A).