VEGFA and cancer: MIP-3α can not only create an inflammatory microenvironment but also recruit certain types of immunosuppressive cells, such as Treg, Th17, and Th22 cells, all of which accelerate cancer development and progression [32–35].VEGF is another important factor that can promote angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, which are vital processes in cancer development and progression, and it promotes tumor growth, metastasis and invasion [36].