To clarify the clinical significance of survivin mRNA and protein expression as well as subcellular compartmentalization in prostate cancer, we analyzed survivin expression by IHC and transcriptomics in samples of more than 3000 patients with clinically and biologically well-characterized prostate cancers, and data of 250 human prostate cancer patients and healthy donors, respectively. This evidence concerns the gene BIRC5 and Familial prostate cancer.